In the 1840s, there was a house on the site of Nell Gwynn House in which the member of parliament George Thompson lived. Yes I understand the line is through the Duke of St Albans. Eleanor Gwyn (2 February 1650 14 November 1687; also spelled Gwynn, Gwynne) was a celebrity figure of the Restoration period. Please Like other favourites! Charles invited Gwyn and her escort, Mr. Villiers, a cousin of Buckingham's, to supper along with his brother the Duke of York. They were opposites in personality and mannerism; Louise a proud woman of noble birth used to the sophistication of Versailles, Gwyn a spirited and pranking ex-orange-wench. At the height of the Exclusion Crisis, when the religious feeling was at boiling point, Nell's coach was attacked by an angry mob who mistook her for the Catholic foreign mistress. Gwyn returned to the stage again in late 1670, something Beauclerk calls an "extraordinary thing to do" for a mistress with a royal child. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The National Portrait Gallery will NOT use your information to contact you or store for any other purpose than to investigate or display your contribution. Possibly, Gwyn's father had served in the same company, and Gwyn's partthe company whorewas based on her own mother. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [41], The love affair between the King and Gwyn allegedly began in April 1668. From 1666 to 1669 Nell was the leading comedienne of the Kings Company, playing continuously, save for a brief absence in 1667, while she was the mistress of Lord Buckhurst, afterward 6th Earl of Dorset. MORE THAN 800 years of parliamentary tradition went out with a bang, not a simper, yesterday as the Earl of Burford staged a last-gasp protest against the abolition of hereditary peers' right to sit and vote in the House of Lords. Sometimes we have not recorded the date of a portrait. He aimed to provide King Charles II with someone who would supplant Barbara Palmer, his principal current mistress and Buckingham's cousin, moving Buckingham closer to the King's ear. She continued to act at the King's House, her new notoriety drawing larger crowds and encouraging the playwrights to craft more roles specifically for her. During the decade of protectorate rule by the Cromwells, pastimes regarded as frivolous, including theatre, had been banned. It's time we woke up to this chilling reality," he told reporters outside the chamber. Established in a fine house and admitted to the inner circles of the court, Nell spent the rest of her life entertaining the king and his friends, living extravagantly, and intriguing against her rivals. Spotted an error, information that is missing (a sitters life dates, occupation or family relationships, or a date of portrait for example) or do you know anything that we don't know? Eleanor "Nell" Gwyn (or Gwynn or Gwynne) (2 February 1650 14 November 1687) was a long-time mistress of King Charles II of England. If you have information to share please complete the form below. Gwyn gave birth to her first son, Charles, on 8 May 1670. Please login. WebNell Gwynn, the mistress of Charles II, was a famous denizen of London. Partner of Charles II of England Nell was buried with her mother in the Church of St Martin-in-the-Fields, in London. Madam Gwyn is sometimes said to have had the maiden surname Smith. London, WC2H 0HE She never forgot her old friends and, as far as is known, remained faithful to her royal lover from the beginning of their intimacy until his death and, after his death, to his memory. Charles is known to have denied paternity of her second son who was born in 1663, but Barbara, renowned for her furious temper, stamped her foot shouting "God damn me, but you shall own it!" She was buried in the Church of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, on 17 November 1687. June 1668 found her in Dryden's An Evening's Love, or The Mock Astrologer, and in July she played in Lacy's The Old Troop, a farce about a company of Cavalier soldiers during the English Civil War, based on Lacy's own experiences. She was illiterate and scrawled an awkward E.G. at the bottom of her letters, written for her by others. Nell grew up in squalid Coal Yard Alley, a poor slum off Drury Lane. [35] He was one of a handful of court wits, the "merry gang" as named by Andrew Marvell. Nell Gwyn had left the stage by this point.[50]. Whatever her first role as an actress may have been, it is evident that she had become a more prominent actress by 1665. Inline images in messages are the copyright of the respective linked sites. When Charles Beauclerk (pictured above right and left) was six years old, on the arrival of the King, Nell said, "Come here, you little bastard, and say hello to your father." All contributions are moderated. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Once Gwyn left the acting profession, it would be at least ten years before his company revived The Maiden Queen and even the less favoured The Indian Emperour because "the management evidently felt that it would be useless to present these plays without her."[32]. In the cast list of Aphra Behn's The Rover, produced at Dorset Garden in March 1677, the part of Angelica Bianca, "a famous Curtezan" is played by a Mrs. Gwin. [55] At the same time, James applied pressure on Gwyn and her son Charles to convert to Roman Catholicism, something she resisted. Various anonymous verses are the only other sources describing her childhood occupations: bawdyhouse servant, street hawker of herring, oysters, or turnips, and cinder-girl have all been put forth. Evidence for any one of the three is scarce. The information we have about Gwyn is collected from various sources, including the plays she starred in, satirical poetry and pictures, diaries, and letters. Among the, descendants of Nell Gwynn are his sisters. Although she left considerable debts, always charitable in memory of her father, in her will she left a legacy to the Newgate prisoners in London. It would be her main residence for the rest of her life. Beauclerk, pp. [49] Gwyn's theatrical career spanned seven years and ended at the age of 21 (if we take 1650 to be her birth year). All Census Lookups are Crown Copyright, National Archives for academic and non-commercial research purposes only. The Maiden Queen featured breeches roles, where the actress appeared in men's clothes under one pretence or another, and as Bax supposes "was one of the first occasions upon which a woman appeared in the disguise of a man";[33] if nothing else this could draw an audience eager to see the women show off their figures in the more form-fitting male attire. In February 1671, Gwyn moved into a brick townhouse at 79 Pall Mall. Please note that we cannot provide valuations. Her father was of Welsh descent, a soldier ruined by the civil war, he is said to have died in a debtors prison in Oxford, Nell probably had no memory of him. Its just as well that Nell Gwynn was a real person because shed be entirely unbelievable as an invented character. It is possible that she first appeared in smaller parts during the 166465 season. Here, in a box above, we spied Mrs. Pierce; and, going out, they called us, and so we staid for them; and Knipp took us all in, and brought to us Nelly; a most pretty woman, who acted the great part of Coelia to-day very fine, and did it pretty well: I kissed her, and so did my wife; and a mighty pretty soul she is.". to which Gwyn responded, "Oh, exactly the same relation that the French Prince was to Mademoiselle de Krouaille. '", Quoted in Beauclerk, p. 78 from the epilogue to Robert Howard's, According to Dryden's preface to the first printed edition, 1668. [3] Contributions are moderated. There is also the legend that Nell Gwynne chose red coats for the Chelsea Pensioners of the Royal Hospital Chelsea she allegedly influenced Charles II to found because she remembered the pensioners of Coningsby Hospital in Hereford wore coats of the same colour. She broke up the fight, saying, "I am a whore. The details of Gwyn's background are somewhat obscure. Read 39 reviews from the worlds largest community for readers. "[31] Killigrew must have agreed with Pepys's opinion. Putting her head out of the coach window, "Good people", she said, smiling, "you are mistaken; I am the Protestant whore."[58]. During Gwyn's first years with Charles, there was little competition in the way of other mistresses: Barbara Palmer was on her way out, while others, such as Moll Davis, kept quietly away from the spotlight of public appearances or Whitehall. In the 18th century, the house became a popular spa, before giving way to development. St Martin's Place "[57] Her will and codicil were proved on 7 December 1687. Before the protest could continue, he was pulled down by ushers and ordered out of the peers' entrance by Black Rod, the Serjeant-at-Arms, General Sir Edward Jones. Nell settled her mother in a house in Chelsea, where, in July 1679, overcome by brandy, Mrs. Gwyn fell into a nearby brook and was drowned. [1] In 1718, George made him a Knight of the Garter. He also gave her a house at 79, Pall Mall, where John Evelyn reported seeing her leaning over her garden wall chaffing her royal lover. [1] By his wife he had twelve children: Several legends describe how Beauclerk became Earl of Burford. A few weeks later, James was given "the title of Lord Beauclerc, with the place and precedence of the eldest son of an earl." clerk, who was created Duke of St. Albans. If you wish to license an image, please use our Rights and Images service. King Charles died on 6 February 1685. Although not yet a hereditary peer, the heir to the St Albans dukedom was allowed to sit on the steps of the throne, from where he seized his moment of glory. Omissions? Gwyn died from apoplexy "almost certainly due to the acquired variety of syphilis"[56] on 14 November 1687, at ten in the evening, less than three years after the King's death. found in England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. The first is that on arrival of the King, his mother said, "Come here, you little bastard, and greet your father." +44(0)20 7306 0055, Admission free. Nell gave birth to her first son, Charles Beauclerk, on 8 May 1670. In 1664, through the influence of her older sister, Rose, Nell became an orange-girl at the Drury Lane Theatre. Her funeral drew a large audience for the last time, the funeral sermon was preached by Thomas Tenison, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. An inscribed stone of 1680, saved and reinserted in the front wall of the present building, shows a carved mask which is probably a reference to her stage career. On 21 December 1676, a warrant was passed for "a grant to Charles Beauclerc, the King's natural son, and to the heirs male of his body, of the dignities of Baron of Heddington, co. Oxford, and Earl of Burford in the same county, with remainder to his brother, James Beauclerc, and the heirs male of his body." Changing it back to King Charles II as it should be. view all Immediate Ostracised at Court and with most of her retinue sent back to Portugal, Catherine had been left with little choice but to acquiesce to Charles's mistresses being granted semi-official standing. Beauclerk died at Bath two days after his 56th birthday and is buried in Westminster Abbey. Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. Much like the dispute over her date of birth, it is unclear when Gwyn began to perform professionally on the Restoration stage. Apparently his final words were 'let not poor Nelly starve.'. "Pray good people be civil" she cried, sticking her head out of the window, "I am the Protestant whore! [38], Late in 1667, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham took on the role of unofficial manager for Gwyn's love affairs. Both Charles and Nell lived very public lives, so perhaps they understood the cost of fame and were able to identify with each other. Updates? In terms of what we know, records tell that Nell sold 'strong waters' to the punters in her mother's brothel, that she may have been a herring gutter or a street seller and that she sold oranges at the theatre in Drury Lane. Re: Charles II and Nell Gwyn's descendents, Quote from: stanmapstone on Monday 26 November 07 23:17 GMT (UK), I am sorry but my emails are no longer working, RootsChat.com, Europa House, Bury, Lancashire, BL9 5BT United Kingdom. WebA trailer film promoting a stage production of 'NELL GWYNN' at the Courtyard Theatre, Hereford It was the end of what I think of as 'the era of beige', the puritans and the civil war. Dryden later wrote plays specifically to exploit her talents as a comic actress. WebNell Gwyn, original name Eleanor Gwyn, (born Feb. 2, 1650, London, Eng.died Nov. 14, 1687, London), English actress and mistress of Charles II, whose frank recklessness, generosity, The author of her 1752 biography relates a conversation (more than likely fabricated) between Gwyn and Charles II in which he, feeling at a loss, said, "O, Nell! Search over 220,000 works, 150,000 of which are illustrated from the 16th Century to the present day. How do you know this? [1] On the other hand, an account published in The New Monthly Magazine and Humorist in 1838 states that she was born about 1642. Elizabeth Gwyn. Several anonymous satires from the time relate a tale of Gwyn, with the help of her friend Aphra Behn, slipping a powerful laxative into Davis's tea-time cakes before an evening when she was expected in the King's bed. This may have been her last play; 1671 was almost certainly her last season. In response, Charles created him Earl of Burford. The anecdote turns charming if perhaps apocryphal at this point: the King, after supper, discovered that he had no money on him; nor did his brother, and Gwyn had to foot the bill. Eleanor Gwynne also went by the nick-name of Nell.1 She and Charles II Stuart, King of Great Britain were associated. [4], Nell Gwyn is reported in a manuscript of 1688 to have been a daughter of "Thos [Thomas] Guine a Capt [captain] of ane antient fammilie in Wales", although the reliability of the statement is doubtful as its author does not seem to have hesitated to create or alter details where the facts were unknown or perhaps unremarkable. She remained a member of the Drury Lane acting company until 1669, playing continuously except for a short period in Epsom in the Summer of 1667, when she lived as the mistress of Charles Sackville, styled Lord Buckhurst and later 6th Earl of Dorset. Lots of people assume she was a prostitute because she worked at the brothel. Though Gwyn was often caricatured as an empty-headed woman, John Dryden said that her greatest attribute was her native wit, and she certainly became a hostess who was able to keep the friendship of Dryden, the playwright Aphra Behn, William Ley, 4th Earl of Marlborough (a lover of hers), John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, and the King's other mistresses. Louise and Nell would prove rivals for many years. His father had given him the reversion of the office of Hereditary Master Falconer and that of Hereditary Registrar of the Court of Chancery, which fell vacant in 1698. Her first recorded appearance on-stage was in March 1665, in John Dryden's heroic drama The Indian Emperour, playing Cydaria, daughter of Moctezuma and love interest to Cortez, played by her real-life lover Charles Hart. Her mother 'Madam Gwynn', was born within the parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, and is thought to have lived most of her life in the city, she was by most accounts an alcoholic who ran a bawdy house or brothel, where the young Nell is said to have 'served strong waters to gentlemen.'. WebNell became a mistress of King Charles, do we know more about this? This work presents the story of her "[59], She is noted for another remark made to her coachman, who was fighting with another man who had called her a whore. More on Nell Gwyn: Pepys and his Contemporaries book in our Shops. He had oodles of them you could make up a whole page from his courtesans Eleanor "Nell" Gwyn (or Gwynn or Gwynne) (2 February 1650 14 November 1687) was a long-time mistress of King Charles II of England. WebNell Gwynn (c. 16501687) The descendants of Holy Roman Empire monarchies became feeble-minded in the twentieth century, and after World War I had been done in Gwyn herself seems to agree that drama did not suit her, to judge from the lines she was later made to say in the epilogue to a Robert Howard drama: We have been all ill-us'd, by this day's poet. Nell Gwyns grave is St Martin-in-the-Fields Churchyard, Westminster. Mary Meggs, a former prostitute nicknamed "Orange Moll" and a friend of Madam Gwyn's, had been granted the licence to "vend, utter and sell oranges, lemons, fruit, sweetmeats and all manner of fruiterers and confectioners wares" within the theatre. Nell survived her royal lover by less than three years. p. 336. WebTheir descendants adopted the surname de Vere Beauclerk, which is still in use today. Additionally, 'Nelle' was intended to play the small role of Paulina, a courtesan, in Killigrew's Thomaso, or The Wanderer in November 1664, but the play seems to have been cancelled. "Od's fish!" Connect to the World Family Tree to find out, Feb 2 1650 - Pipewall Lane, Hereford, England, Nov 14 1687 - Pall Mall, Westminster, London, England, Feb 2 1650 - Westminster, London, England, Nov 14 1687 - Westminster, Middlesex, England, Charles Ii Stuart, King Of England, Scotland, And Ireland, Feb 2 1650 - Convent Gardens, Kensington, Middlesex, England, Nov 14 1687 - Pall Mall, Westminster, Middlesex, England, Charles Ii Francis (The Merry Monarch) STUART, KING OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND, ATE SON OF KING OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND, EARL OF BURFORD,ST DUKE OF ST ALBANS, James FITZROY BEAUCLERCK, ILLEGITIMATE SON OF KING CHARLES II, Feb 2 1648 - Westminster, Middlesex, England, Nov 14 1687 - Her House At 79 Pall Mall, City Of Westminster, London, England, Feb 2 1650 - Westminster (Middlesex) England, Nov 14 1687 - Pall Mall, Comt De Fentress, Tennessee, tats-Unis, Charles Stewart Ii The Merry Monarch, Duke Of Cornwall TH KING OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND, Charles Ii The Merry Monarch King Of Scots, England And Ireland STUART, James Duke Of Monmouth And Buccleuch CROFT-SCOTT, Cause of death: Stroke - Nov 14 1687 - London, Feb 2 1649 - Westminster, London, England, Nov 14 1687 - Westminster, London, England, Charles Ii 'The Merry Monarch' "King of Scotland England And Ireland" Stuart, Feb 1650 - Convent Gardens, Kensington, Greater London, England, Nov 14 1687 - Pall Mall, London, Greater London, England, Nov 14 1687 - 79 Pall Mall, London, Middlesex, England, Convent Gardens, Kensington, Greater London, United Kingdom, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Westminster, Middlesex,, Greater London, England, United Kingdom, Pall Mall, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom, Pall Mall, London, Greater London, United Kingdom, St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, St. Martin's Place, London, Middlesex, England (United Kingdom), Burials - St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London, Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St. Albans, Eleanor GWYN, DAUGHTER OF CAPTAIN THOMAS, MISTRESS OF KING CHARLES II. Waving an order paper, the earl forced the Lords Deputy Speaker out of the way and delivered a short speech defending his pedigree chums: "This Bill drafted in Brussels is treason. In March 1687 Nell was stricken by apoplexy and partial paralysis. Page 879 - NELL GWYNN'S DESCENDANTS. One of Charles' early acts as king was to license the formation of two acting companies and to legalise acting as a profession for women. Gwyn was assigned arms similar to those of the Gwynnes of Llansannor. by his father^ Charles 11., in 1683. It is around this time when she is first mentioned in Pepys' diary, specifically on Monday 3 April 1665, while attending a play, where the description 'pretty, witty Nell' is first recorded. I am torn to pieces by their clamours. In 1667, Gwyn made such a match with Charles Sackville, titled Lord Buckhurst at that time. The attraction had another dynamic: the theatres sometimes had a hard time holding onto their actresses, as they were swept up to become the kept mistresses of the aristocracy. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 257. When the King died in 1685 Nells creditors descended upon her she never did starve, but was in grave danger of being sent to a Debtors prison. She appealed to King James and to his credit, he settled her immediate debts and gave her a pension of 1500 a year. ", The diarist Samuel Pepys wrote in January 1667, "to the King's house, and there saw "The Numerous Lieutenant," a silly play, I think; only the Spirit in it that grows very tall, and then sinks again to nothing, having two heads breeding upon one, and then Knipp's singing, did please us. There are blue plaques at 79 Pall Mall, the house Charles II gave Nell to live in, and at the site of Bagnigge House, 61-63 Kings Cross Road. !Lady Sybil Lascelles, daughter-in-law to, Besides, the following are descended from, 'Mr. [3] It has been suggested, based on the pedigree by Anthony Wood, that Gwyn was a granddaughter of Edward or Edmund Gwyn, Canon of Christ Church from 1615 to 1624. Sat 27 Oct 1900 - The Queenslander (Brisbane, Qld. Gwyn's will also conveys her charitable side with her leaving 100 to be distributed to the poor of the parish of St Martins-in-the-field and Westminster and 50 to release debtors from prison every Christmas.[21]. Called "pretty, witty Nell" by Pepys, she has been regarded as a living embodiment of the spirit of Restoration England and has come to be considered a folk heroine, with a story echoing the rags-to-royalty tale of Cinderella. Complete opposites, Louise was very proud woman of her noble Breton birth, Nell a true child of the London streets, scathingly nicknamed her "Squintabella" and the "Weeping Willow" for her tendencies to weep. "[42], Having previously been the mistress of Charles Hart and Charles Sackville, Gwyn jokingly called the King "her Charles the Third". (1651?-1687), Actress; mistress of Charles II, Paul McCartney Photographs 196364: Eyes of the Storm, Pepys and his Contemporaries book in our Shops, Eleanor ('Nell') Gwyn in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Painted Ladies: Women at the Court of Charles II, The Diary Room: Characters of the 17th Century, The First Actresses: Nell Gwyn to Sarah Siddons. Join our newsletter and follow us on our social media channels to find out more about exhibitions, events and the people and portraits in our Collection. [52] Her family's history has been published in the authoritative book: The House of Nell Gwyn (1974). Her second son, James, Lord Beauclerk (b. Just after the death of Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans, at the turn of the year, on 5 January 1684, King Charles granted his son Charles, Earl of Burford, the title of Duke of St Albans, gave him an allowance of 1,000 a year, and granted him the offices of Chief Ranger of Enfield Chace and Master of the Hawks in reversion (i. e. after the death of the current incumbents). She was taught her craft of performing at a school for young actors developed by Killigrew[19] and one of the fine male actors of the time, Charles Hart, and learned dancing from another, John Lacy; both were rumoured by satirists of the time to be her lovers, but if she had such a relationship with Lacy (Beauclerk thinks it unlikely), it was kept much more discreet than her well-known affair with Hart. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. 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