Fruit and vegetables are among the richest sources of dietary potassium, and a large body of evidence supports the association of increased fruit and vegetable intakes with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (see the article on Fruit and Vegetables). The use of more potent potassium supplements in potassium deficiency requires close monitoring of serum potassium concentrations. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kilogram (kg) (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. 1998;339(7):451-458. The expended inert, porous, wax/polymer matrix is not absorbed and may be excreted intact in the stool. Association between urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014. A dietary survey in the US indicated that the average dietary potassium intake was 2,408 mg/day for adult women and 3,172 mg/day for adult men (47). Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but Which is extra strength? 2001;39 Suppl 2:33-36; discussion 36-37. J Am Heart Assoc. It maintains proper muscle and nerve function, is involved in metabolic processes, and helps control blood pressure. Department of Nutrition Science Office of Dietary Supplements. Physicians may recommend diet changes or the consumption of foods that are high in potassium before prescribing a supplement. Multivitamin-mineral supplements in the US do not contain more than 99 mg of potassium per serving (50). Therefore: Now, even though we have the total milligram quantity of potassium chloride, we need to do a further conversion to find out how much elementalpotassium is contained within potassium chloride. Corvallis, Oregon 97331, phone: 541-737-5075 | fax: 541-737-5077 Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion in US adults. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Mumoli N, Cei M. Licorice-induced hypokalemia. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2005:186-268. Linus Pauling Institute 2019 Feb;47(1):107-113. doi: 10.1007/s00240-018-1090-6. Your doctor may prescribe potassium citrate if you have a mild urinary tract infection, such as cystitis. Intestinal ulceration has been reported after the use of enteric-coated potassium chloride tablets. Potassium citrate is a urinary alkalinizer. For oral dosage form (powder for suspension): Adults and teenagers20 mEq dissolved in two to six ounces of cold water, taken one to five times a day. Gluconate has a glucose content in Dietary potassium regulates vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. Potassium causes calcium retention in healthy adults. The Linus Pauling Institute recommends the consumption of a diet high in potassium-rich foods (see Sources), especially fruit, vegetables, nuts, and dairy products to ensure adequate potassium intakes. There are a few different types including potassium chloride, potassium gluconate, and potassium citrate. The information contained on this site is for informational purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for the advice of a professional health care provider. 2013;142(4):327-345. This little sodium-potassium pump partially controls that energy powering your metabolism. 2017;230:127-135. The most common strengths are: Eachmilliequivalent of potassium chloride contains 75 mg. Your doctor may prescribe potassium citrate if you have a mild urinary tract infection, such as cystitis. Your body uses potassium to help your heart, muscles, kidneys, nerves and digestive system work properly. Thirteen studies included hypertensive participants who were not taking anti-hypertensive medication and two studies included normotensive or at-risk subjects. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/13344, https://www.cfsanappsexternal.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/index.cfm?set=FoodSubstances&id=POTASSIUMGLUCONATE, https://www.cfsanappsexternal.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/index.cfm?set=FoodSubstances&id=POTASSIUMCITRATE, https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/019071s012lbl.pdf, Potassium Citrate Information for Consumers, Potassium Citrate Information for Healthcare Professionals, Renal tubular acidosis (when the kidneys do not properly remove acids from the blood), Kidney stones (crystal-like formations in the kidneys). The chemical name is potassium chloride, and the structural formula is KCl. Viera AJ. 5. (PubMed), 53. Citrate uses a differnt salt. Potassium citrate is an alkalizing agent. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. Urinary saturation of calcium oxalate and brushite decreased but not as much as the decrement in urinary calcium because of reduced citrate-calcium complexation. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. Although we have provided rough conversions and compared potassium chloride and potassium gluconate, it is important to note that you should nottry to take prescription strengths of potassium if you are notunder the supervision of a doctor. Potassium is an essential mineral found in various foods. 54. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. However, potassium gluconate contains less elemental potassium than potassium chloride. Findings suggested some evidence of a greater effect when baseline potassium intake was less than 3,510 mg/day (vs. 3,510 mg/day [90 mmol]) (42). (PubMed). Vinceti M, Filippini T, Crippa A, de Sesmaisons A, Wise LA, Orsini N. Meta-analysis of potassium intake and the risk of stroke. Int J Cardiol. Epub 2016 Nov 10. What are the differences between potassium chloride ER 20 mEq and Nature Made Potassium Gluconate 550 mg? Determination of density. Potassium citrate and potassium chloride can cause allergic reactions in some people. Potassium glycinate is glycine, Both may be used to supplement potassium in a person's diet. Aburto NJ, Hanson S, Gutierrez H, Hooper L, Elliott P, Cappuccio FP. (PubMed). There is a problem with You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Alternatively, potassium bicarbonate supplementation might decrease urinary acid and calcium excretion and influence bone turnovera small trial in postmenopausal women found that potassium bicarbonate supplementation increases biomarkers of bone formation and a decreased biomarkers of bone resorption (27). Filippini T, Violi F, D'Amico R, Vinceti M. The effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Accessed 12/12/18. Forty-five percent of US adults have hypertension (blood pressure levels 130/80 mm Hg) (33). 2015;26(4):1311-8. doi:+10.1007/s00198-014-3006-9, Chatterjee R, Slentz C, Davenport CA, et al. CUA guideline on the evaluation and medical management of the kidney stone patient - 2016 update. Each replenishes the bodys potassium but the type you should use is determined by underlying physical conditions. 2. An official website of the United States government. Linus Pauling Institute Feel free to send him an email at Hello@HelloPharmacist.com! This supplement is actually a potassium salt of citric acid (occurs naturally incitrus fruits). Morris RC, Jr., Schmidlin O, Tanaka M, Forman A, Frassetto L, Sebastian A. The usual dose is 1 to 3 mEq per kg (0.45 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. Because fruit and vegetables are rich in both potassium and precursors to bicarbonate ions, increasing their consumption might help reduce the net acid content of the diet and preserve calcium in bones, which might otherwise be mobilized to maintain normal pH (see the article on Fruit and Vegetables). In a more recent meta-analysis of 16 studies, the highest versus lowest dietary potassium intake was found to be associated with a 13% lower risk of stroke after multiple adjustments (including for blood pressure) (17). What is the more preferable pill for hypokalemic periodic paralysis? For potassium gluconate and potassium chloride For oral dosage form (liquid for solution): To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body: The authors highlighted the possibility that an effect of supplemental potassium might have an impact on bone health in a subset of subjects with low potassium intakes and/or signs of low-grade acidosis. For example, both loop and thiazide diuretics increase the urinary excretion of potassium. This is especially important if you are also taking both diuretics (water pills) and digitalis medicines for your heart. Can potassium gluconate and lemon juice be substituted for 10 meq ( 4 a day) of potassium citrate . Fact Sheet for Consumers. Restricted to advanced placement science. Potassium citrate is used to treat a kidney stone condition called renal tubular acidosis. Potassium chloride or potassium citrate? (PubMed), 16. So once you are back in your normal range, it may be worth discussing with your doctor if a possible option is to stop supplementation and see if your dietary intake of the V-8 is sufficient to prevent low potassium from occurring again. June 26, 2018. Potassium/Professional Monograph/Interactions with Drugs. Therefore, here is a complete list of foods rich in potassium: flax seeds, pistachios, beet greens, raisins, almonds, oat bran, dates, white beans, lima beans, spinach, soybeans, chia seeds, avocado, sweet potatoes, potatoes, kiwi, prunes,lentils, bananas, broccoli, onion, chickpeas, cantaloupe, winter squash, celery, apricots,orange, mango,radish, tomatoes, millet, strawberries, pineapples, pear, and apples. Potassium is also a crucial nutrient used to maintain electrolyte and fluid balance in the human body. Magnesium is found in a wide variety of foods. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which In general, the daily minimum requirement for intake of potassium is 3,000 to 3,750 mg per day, or 30-40 mEq/day. Potassium gluconate is advised as an adjunct in treatment of hypertension, cardiac and metabolic disorders. Difference of meds: Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Potassium is an essential dietary mineral and electrolyte. Make sure your doctor knows about any other medications you are taking. Potassium chloride is 52% potassium by mass while potassium gluconate contains 16.7% elemental potassium by mass. Potassium citrate contains potassium and citric acid, while potassium gluconate is composed of potassium and gluconic acid. However, currently there is insufficient evidence to establish a causal relationship between potassium intakes and the risk of these chronic conditions (10). Answered by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD Potassium citrate forms white or transparent crystals, while potassium gluconate forms yellowish white granules. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. Prolonged use of diuretics, digitalis, ACE-inhibitors, furosemide, steroids and several other medications inhibit the bodys ability to absorb potassium, requiring this supplement. Its formula is: c6h11ko7. (PubMed), 44. It is not intended as nutritional or medical advice for individual problems. Select one or more newsletters to continue. Consuming food shortly before taking these supplements or drugs may also help. Gluconate has a glucose content in it. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Medicine. Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. (PubMed), 25. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). Potassium gluconate may be used to regulate the acidity or add potassium to a food product. One of the preferred forms of potassium for a ketogenic diet would be Potassium CHLORIDE. Urology. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. K-TAB tablets are an electrolyte replenisher. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Potassium citrate is unlikely to cause any side effects other than an increase in urine. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. JAMA. Trinchieri A, Zanetti G, Curro A, Lizzano R. Effect of potential renal acid load of foods on calcium metabolism of renal calcium stone formers. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. 26. Potassium Gluconate It is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid (an organic compound) that is made from glucose (sugar) by fermentation If you have kidney disease, gout or kidney stones, potassium citrate is preferred because of its chemical composition 3. Role of proximal tubule in the hypocalciuric response to thiazide of patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. I've been treated for multiple myeloma for 10 years. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. Both may be used to supplement potassium in a person's diet. government site. (PubMed), 21. Hyperkalemia occurs when potassium intake exceeds the capacity of the kidneys to eliminate it. Staff. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014:102-132. The effect of supplementation with alkaline potassium salts on bone metabolism: a meta-analysis. For oral dosage form (granules for solution): Adults and teenagers20 milliequivalents (mEq) dissolved in one-half to one glass of cold water, taken one or two times a day. Barbara Delage, Ph.D. Am J Clin Nutr. Potassium is available in different supplemental forms, including potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium aspartate, and potassium orotate (50). These pumps use ATP (energy) to pump sodium out of the cell in exchange for potassium (Figure 1). information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Both potassium citrate and potassium gluconate can come in liquid or dry powder forms that dissolve in water. Experimental evaluation of relative intestinal toxicity. ConsumerLab.com. Am J Med. 1995;268(4 Pt 2):R825-837. Why the Relationship Between Potassium and Sodium Matters. A 2015 meta-analysis of intervention studies found that supplemental potassium citrate or potassium bicarbonate could reduce urinary net acid and calcium excretion, but evidence to support an effect on markers of bone turnover and bone density was weak (31). 2013;346:f1326. Oral doses of potassium >18 g taken at one time in individuals not accustomed to high intakes may lead to severe hyperkalemia, even in those with normal kidney function (6, 50). (PubMed), 18. Although we strive to deliver accurate and up-to-date information, no guarantee to that effect is made. For potassium gluconate and potassium chloride For oral dosage form (liquid for solution): To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body: Adults and teenagers20 milliequivalents (mEq) diluted in 2 tablespoonfuls or more of cold water or juice, taken two to four times a day. Meta-analyses have also reported a dose-response relationship between the intake of potassium and the lowering of blood pressure (42, 43). The key difference between Potassium citrate and potassium gluconate is, Potassium citrate is produced by mixing potassium carbonate or bicarbonate with a solution of citric acid whereas potassium gluconate is produced by the reaction between gluconic acid and potassium. However, potassium citrate therapy should only be initiated under the supervision of a medical provider. WebPotassium citrate is an alkalizing agent. The presence of potassium is also required for the activity of pyruvate kinase, an important enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism (5). Its formula is: c6h11ko7. Hyperkalemia may also result from a shift of intracellular potassium into the circulation, which may occur with the rupture of red blood cells (hemolysis) or tissue damage (e.g., trauma or severe burns). Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Effect of potassium citrate supplementation or increased fruit and vegetable intake on bone metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. It is used when your urine is too acidic. (The National Academies Press), 7. The .gov means its official. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Potassium Supplement (Oral Route, Parenteral Route). Both potassium citrate and potassium gluconate may be used as food additives or supplements, but they have some slightly different applications. Hoy MK, Goldman JD. Potassium citrate is a chemical combination of potassium and citric acid and is one of the most absorbable forms of the mineral 3. 33. Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate. Potassium citrate is a chemical combination of potassium and citric acid and is one of the most absorbable forms of the mineral 3. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. Most studies used supplemental potassium doses between 2,340 and 2,535 mg/day (60-65 mmol/L). 1997;81(3):611-639. I discuss this in more detail in the sections below. A review of CLU Working Group. Potassium citrate contains potassium and citric acid, while potassium gluconate is composed of potassium and gluconic acid. (PubMed), 17. Other differences between the two include: Converting Potassium Chloride To Potassium Gluconate. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018. Increasing potassium intake to recommended levels (see Adequate Intake) by consuming a diet rich in fruit and vegetables can help lower blood pressure and may have additional benefits to health (see the article on Fruit and Vegetables). Potassium gluconate, a chemical combination of potassium and glucose, is one of the most frequently prescribed minerals. Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis. (PubMed), 36. It is used to treat a kidney stone (PubMed), 8. Instacart. Both supplements effectively treat hypokalemia (low blood levels of potassium). Gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common side effects of potassium supplements, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea. Determined by underlying physical conditions doctor may potassium citrate vs potassium chloride vs potassium gluconate potassium citrate supplementation or increased fruit and vegetable intake on bone:! Increase the urinary excretion of potassium chloride ER 20 mEq and Nature Made potassium contains. Muscle and nerve function, is involved in metabolic processes, and.. Hypertension, cardiac and metabolic disorders few different types including potassium chloride please consult a doctor ( or. 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